![]() ![]() The newly formed hematopoietic organs were examined in three and five months later after treatment. A suspension of precipitated bone marrow cells from CBA mice were exposed to ALIH pulses and EHF radiation separately and in their combination tissue engineering constructs, presenting gelatin sponges 2 by 2 by 2mm in size containing 107 nucleated bone marrow cells, were exposed to physical factors and were implanted under the renal capsules of syngeneic mice. In this paper, we studied the effects of physical factors, such as, acoustic pulses of laser-induced hydrodynamics (ALIH) and extremely-high frequencies (EHF) radiation, on the formation of heterotopic bone marrow organs. This review will describe the nature of the materials strategies, both static and dynamic, and their influence specifically on mesenchymal stem cell fate. This is important as the ability to ‘engineer’ complexity and subsequent in vitro growth of tissues and organs is a key objective for tissue engineers. Specifically, there is great interest in the use of designed materials in the stem cell arena as materials can be used to manipulate the cells providing control of behaviour. Correspondence: *Hilary Anderson Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, bioengineering, materials synthesis, nanotopography, stimuli responsive material□ Abstract The materials pipeline for biomaterials and tissue engineering applications is under continuous development. 3 Advanced Science Research Centre (ASRC) and Hunter College, City University of New York, NY 10031, NY, USA. 2 Technology and Innovation centre, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate: Applying Biomaterials for Control of Stem Cell Behaviour Hilary J Anderson1, Jugal Kishore Sahoo2, Rein V Ulijn2,3, Matthew J Dalby1* 1 Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. The data obtained make it possible to estimate the volume of the bone marrow heated by the laser to a predetermined temperature and to make a reasonable choice of laser exposure modes to stimulate the proliferative activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. It was shown that the marrow could be heated from the outside by about 5–10 ☌ during 10 s without significant overheating of the bone tissue. A thermal camera was used to control the temperature of the bone surface near the tip of the fiber. Similarly, the spatial distributions of the laser radiation intensity were measured by replacing thermocouple with optical fiber probe. By moving the optical fiber tip discretely along the longitudinal axis of the bone, and the thermocouple in the perpendicular direction, the spatial temperature distributions in dynamics were measured. A thin thermocouple was used to measure the temperature in a local area of the bone marrow. Radiation delivery was carried out using an optical fiber which tip contacted the surface of the femur bone. ![]() In this work, we obtained experimental data on the spatial distribution of temperature in the bone marrow of the rat femur in vitro under external exposure to laser radiation with wavelengths of 9 nm. In this regard, it is of interest to study the optical and temperature fields induced inside the tubular bone under external laser irradiation. We believe that this problem can be solved by short-term heating of local areas of the bone marrow in vivo with laser radiation. In such cases is important that the number of initial cells was large enough and their proliferative activity was high. ![]() In regenerative medicine, the problem of growing mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow often arises. With increasing the time after exposure, the number of BM MSC in both limbs showed the same tendency to a decrease as after irradiation at λ=0.97 μm. In this case, the concentration of these cells in the irradiated and contralateral limbs exceeded the control by 3.1 and 1.7 times, respectively. After laser irradiation with λ=1.56 μm, the maximum number of BM MSC was also observed on day 2. An insignificant difference in the number of BM MSC for the irradiated and contralateral tibia remained at all terms after irradiation, with a general decrease in the number of BM MSC up to 21 days. It was shown that after irradiation with λ=0.97 μm, the maximum and similar increase in the content of BM MSC in comparison with the control (by 2.4 times) was observed on day 2 in the irradiated and contralateral tibia. Such an increase is necessary to achieve the required number of cells at the initial passages for subsequent transplantation into the body. We determined optimal parameters of bone marrow (BM) irradiation in vivo for rapid increase in the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) at the initial stages of the culturing without changing the karyotype, polyploidy, which are observed at higher passages. ![]()
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